600 lines
29 KiB
Plaintext
600 lines
29 KiB
Plaintext
README for the ISDN-subsystem
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1. Preface
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1.1 Introduction
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This README describes how to set up and how to use the different parts
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of the ISDN-subsystem.
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For using the ISDN-subsystem, some additional userlevel programs are
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necessary. Those programs and some contributed utilities are available
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at
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ftp.isdn4linux.de
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/pub/isdn4linux/isdn4k-utils-<VersionNumber>.tar.gz
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We also have set up a mailing-list:
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The isdn4linux-project originates in Germany, and therefore by historical
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reasons, the mailing-list's primary language is german. However mails
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written in english have been welcome all the time.
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to subscribe: write a email to majordomo@listserv.isdn4linux.de,
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Subject irrelevant, in the message body:
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subscribe isdn4linux <your_email_address>
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To write to the mailing-list, write to isdn4linux@listserv.isdn4linux.de
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This mailinglist is bidirectionally gated to the newsgroup
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de.alt.comm.isdn4linux
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There is also a well maintained FAQ in English available at
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https://www.mhessler.de/i4lfaq/
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It can be viewed online, or downloaded in sgml/text/html format.
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The FAQ can also be viewed online at
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https://www.isdn4linux.de/faq/i4lfaq.html
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or downloaded from
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ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/FAQ/
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1.1 Technical details
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In the following Text, the terms MSN and EAZ are used.
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MSN is the abbreviation for (M)ultiple(S)ubscriber(N)umber, and applies
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to Euro(EDSS1)-type lines. Usually it is simply the phone number.
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EAZ is the abbreviation of (E)ndgeraete(A)uswahl(Z)iffer and
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applies to German 1TR6-type lines. This is a one-digit string,
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simply appended to the base phone number
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The internal handling is nearly identical, so replace the appropriate
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term to that one, which applies to your local ISDN-environment.
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When the link-level-module isdn.o is loaded, it supports up to 16
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low-level-modules with up to 64 channels. (The number 64 is arbitrarily
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chosen and can be configured at compile-time --ISDN_MAX in isdn.h).
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A low-level-driver can register itself through an interface (which is
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defined in isdnif.h) and gets assigned a slot.
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The following char-devices are made available for each channel:
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A raw-control-device with the following functions:
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write: raw D-channel-messages (format: depends on driver).
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read: raw D-channel-messages (format: depends on driver).
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ioctl: depends on driver, i.e. for the ICN-driver, the base-address of
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the ports and the shared memory on the card can be set and read
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also the boot-code and the protocol software can be loaded into
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the card.
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O N L Y !!! for debugging (no locking against other devices):
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One raw-data-device with the following functions:
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write: data to B-channel.
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read: data from B-channel.
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In addition the following devices are made available:
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128 tty-devices (64 cuix and 64 ttyIx) with integrated modem-emulator:
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The functionality is almost the same as that of a serial device
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(the line-discs are handled by the kernel), which lets you run
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SLIP, CSLIP and asynchronous PPP through the devices. We have tested
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Seyon, minicom, CSLIP (uri-dip) PPP, mgetty, XCept and Hylafax.
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The modem-emulation supports the following:
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1.3.1 Commands:
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ATA Answer incoming call.
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ATD<No.> Dial, the number may contain:
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[0-9] and [,#.*WPT-S]
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the latter are ignored until 'S'.
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The 'S' must precede the number, if
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the line is a SPV (German 1TR6).
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ATE0 Echo off.
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ATE1 Echo on (default).
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ATH Hang-up.
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ATH1 Off hook (ignored).
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ATH0 Hang-up.
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ATI Return "ISDN for Linux...".
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ATI0 "
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ATI1 "
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ATI2 Report of last connection.
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ATO On line (data mode).
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ATQ0 Enable result codes (default).
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ATQ1 Disable result codes (default).
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ATSx=y Set register x to y.
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ATSx? Show contents of register x.
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ATV0 Numeric responses.
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ATV1 English responses (default).
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ATZ Load registers and EAZ/MSN from Profile.
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AT&Bx Set Send-Packet-size to x (max. 4000)
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The real packet-size may be limited by the
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low-level-driver used. e.g. the HiSax-Module-
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limit is 2000. You will get NO Error-Message,
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if you set it to higher values, because at the
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time of giving this command the corresponding
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driver may not be selected (see "Automatic
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Assignment") however the size of outgoing packets
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will be limited correctly.
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AT&D0 Ignore DTR
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AT&D2 DTR-low-edge: Hang up and return to
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command mode (default).
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AT&D3 Same as AT&D2 but also resets all registers.
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AT&Ex Set the EAZ/MSN for this channel to x.
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AT&F Reset all registers and profile to "factory-defaults"
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AT&Lx Set list of phone numbers to listen on. x is a
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list of wildcard patterns separated by semicolon.
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If this is set, it has precedence over the MSN set
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by AT&E.
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AT&Rx Select V.110 bitrate adaption.
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This command enables V.110 protocol with 9600 baud
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(x=9600), 19200 baud (x=19200) or 38400 baud
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(x=38400). A value of x=0 disables V.110 switching
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back to default X.75. This command sets the following
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Registers:
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Reg 14 (Layer-2 protocol):
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x = 0: 0
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x = 9600: 7
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x = 19200: 8
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x = 38400: 9
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Reg 18.2 = 1
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Reg 19 (Additional Service Indicator):
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x = 0: 0
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x = 9600: 197
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x = 19200: 199
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x = 38400: 198
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Note on value in Reg 19:
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There is _NO_ common convention for 38400 baud.
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The value 198 is chosen arbitrarily. Users
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_MUST_ negotiate this value before establishing
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a connection.
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AT&Sx Set window-size (x = 1..8) (not yet implemented)
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AT&V Show all settings.
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AT&W0 Write registers and EAZ/MSN to profile. See also
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iprofd (5.c in this README).
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AT&X0 BTX-mode and T.70-mode off (default)
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AT&X1 BTX-mode on. (S13.1=1, S13.5=0 S14=0, S16=7, S18=7, S19=0)
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AT&X2 T.70-mode on. (S13.1=1, S13.5=1, S14=0, S16=7, S18=7, S19=0)
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AT+Rx Resume a suspended call with CallID x (x = 1,2,3...)
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AT+Sx Suspend a call with CallID x (x = 1,2,3...)
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For voice-mode commands refer to README.audio
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1.3.2 Escape sequence:
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During a connection, the emulation reacts just like
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a normal modem to the escape sequence <DELAY>+++<DELAY>.
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(The escape character - default '+' - can be set in the
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register 2).
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The DELAY must at least be 1.5 seconds long and delay
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between the escape characters must not exceed 0.5 seconds.
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1.3.3 Registers:
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Nr. Default Description
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0 0 Answer on ring number.
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(no auto-answer if S0=0).
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1 0 Count of rings.
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2 43 Escape character.
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(a value >= 128 disables the escape sequence).
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3 13 Carriage return character (ASCII).
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4 10 Line feed character (ASCII).
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5 8 Backspace character (ASCII).
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6 3 Delay in seconds before dialing.
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7 60 Wait for carrier.
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8 2 Pause time for comma (ignored)
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9 6 Carrier detect time (ignored)
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10 7 Carrier loss to disconnect time (ignored).
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11 70 Touch tone timing (ignored).
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12 69 Bit coded register:
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Bit 0: 0 = Suppress response messages.
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1 = Show response messages.
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Bit 1: 0 = English response messages.
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1 = Numeric response messages.
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Bit 2: 0 = Echo off.
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1 = Echo on.
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Bit 3 0 = DCD always on.
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1 = DCD follows carrier.
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Bit 4 0 = CTS follows RTS
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1 = Ignore RTS, CTS always on.
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Bit 5 0 = return to command mode on DTR low.
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1 = Same as 0 but also resets all
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registers.
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See also register 13, bit 2
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Bit 6 0 = DSR always on.
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1 = DSR only on if channel is available.
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Bit 7 0 = Cisco-PPP-flag-hack off (default).
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1 = Cisco-PPP-flag-hack on.
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13 0 Bit coded register:
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Bit 0: 0 = Use delayed tty-send-algorithm
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1 = Direct tty-send.
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Bit 1: 0 = T.70 protocol (Only for BTX!) off
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1 = T.70 protocol (Only for BTX!) on
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Bit 2: 0 = Don't hangup on DTR low.
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1 = Hangup on DTR low.
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Bit 3: 0 = Standard response messages
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1 = Extended response messages
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Bit 4: 0 = CALLER NUMBER before every RING.
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1 = CALLER NUMBER after first RING.
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Bit 5: 0 = T.70 extended protocol off
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1 = T.70 extended protocol on
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Bit 6: 0 = Special RUNG Message off
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1 = Special RUNG Message on
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"RUNG" is delivered on a ttyI, if
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an incoming call happened (RING) and
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the remote party hung up before any
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local ATA was given.
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Bit 7: 0 = Don't show display messages from net
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1 = Show display messages from net
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(S12 Bit 1 must be 0 too)
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14 0 Layer-2 protocol:
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0 = X75/LAPB with I-frames
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1 = X75/LAPB with UI-frames
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2 = X75/LAPB with BUI-frames
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3 = HDLC
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4 = Transparent (audio)
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7 = V.110, 9600 baud
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8 = V.110, 19200 baud
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9 = V.110, 38400 baud
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10 = Analog Modem (only if hardware supports this)
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11 = Fax G3 (only if hardware supports this)
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15 0 Layer-3 protocol:
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0 = transparent
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1 = transparent with audio features (e.g. DSP)
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2 = Fax G3 Class 2 commands (S14 has to be set to 11)
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3 = Fax G3 Class 1 commands (S14 has to be set to 11)
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16 250 Send-Packet-size/16
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17 8 Window-size (not yet implemented)
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18 4 Bit coded register, Service-Octet-1 to accept,
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or to be used on dialout:
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Bit 0: Service 1 (audio) when set.
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Bit 1: Service 5 (BTX) when set.
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Bit 2: Service 7 (data) when set.
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Note: It is possible to set more than one
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bit. In this case, on incoming calls
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the selected services are accepted,
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and if the service is "audio", the
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Layer-2-protocol is automatically
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changed to 4 regardless of the setting
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of register 14. On outgoing calls,
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the most significant 1-bit is chosen to
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select the outgoing service octet.
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19 0 Service-Octet-2
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20 0 Bit coded register (readonly)
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Service-Octet-1 of last call.
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Bit mapping is the same as register 18
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21 0 Bit coded register (readonly)
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Set on incoming call (during RING) to
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octet 3 of calling party number IE (Numbering plan)
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See section 4.5.10 of ITU Q.931
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22 0 Bit coded register (readonly)
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Set on incoming call (during RING) to
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octet 3a of calling party number IE (Screening info)
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See section 4.5.10 of ITU Q.931
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23 0 Bit coded register:
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Bit 0: 0 = Add CPN to RING message off
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1 = Add CPN to RING message on
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Bit 1: 0 = Add CPN to FCON message off
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1 = Add CPN to FCON message on
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Bit 2: 0 = Add CDN to RING/FCON message off
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1 = Add CDN to RING/FCON message on
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Last but not least a (at the moment fairly primitive) device to request
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the line-status (/dev/isdninfo) is made available.
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Automatic assignment of devices to lines:
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All inactive physical lines are listening to all EAZs for incoming
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calls and are NOT assigned to a specific tty or network interface.
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When an incoming call is detected, the driver looks first for a network
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interface and then for an opened tty which:
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1. is configured for the same EAZ.
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2. has the same protocol settings for the B-channel.
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3. (only for network interfaces if the security flag is set)
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contains the caller number in its access list.
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4. Either the channel is not bound exclusively to another Net-interface, or
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it is bound AND the other checks apply to exactly this interface.
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(For usage of the bind-features, refer to the isdnctrl-man-page)
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Only when a matching interface or tty is found is the call accepted
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and the "connection" between the low-level-layer and the link-level-layer
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is established and kept until the end of the connection.
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In all other cases no connection is established. Isdn4linux can be
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configured to either do NOTHING in this case (which is useful, if
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other, external devices with the same EAZ/MSN are connected to the bus)
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or to reject the call actively. (isdnctrl busreject ...)
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For an outgoing call, the inactive physical lines are searched.
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The call is placed on the first physical line, which supports the
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requested protocols for the B-channel. If a net-interface, however
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is pre-bound to a channel, this channel is used directly.
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This makes it possible to configure several network interfaces and ttys
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for one EAZ, if the network interfaces are set to secure operation.
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If an incoming call matches one network interface, it gets connected to it.
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If another incoming call for the same EAZ arrives, which does not match
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a network interface, the first tty gets a "RING" and so on.
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2 System prerequisites:
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ATTENTION!
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Always use the latest module utilities. The current version is
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named in Documentation/Changes. Some old versions of insmod
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are not capable of setting the driver-Ids correctly.
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3. Lowlevel-driver configuration.
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Configuration depends on how the drivers are built. See the
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README.<yourDriver> for information on driver-specific setup.
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4. Device-inodes
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The major and minor numbers and their names are described in
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Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst. The major numbers are:
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43 for the ISDN-tty's.
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44 for the ISDN-callout-tty's.
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45 for control/info/debug devices.
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5. Application
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a) For some card-types, firmware has to be loaded into the cards, before
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proceeding with device-independent setup. See README.<yourDriver>
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for how to do that.
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b) If you only intend to use ttys, you are nearly ready now.
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c) If you want to have really permanent "Modem"-settings on disk, you
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can start the daemon iprofd. Give it a path to a file at the command-
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line. It will store the profile-settings in this file every time
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an AT&W0 is performed on any ISDN-tty. If the file already exists,
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all profiles are initialized from this file. If you want to unload
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any of the modules, kill iprofd first.
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d) For networking, continue: Create an interface:
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isdnctrl addif isdn0
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e) Set the EAZ (or MSN for Euro-ISDN):
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isdnctrl eaz isdn0 2
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(For 1TR6 a single digit is allowed, for Euro-ISDN the number is your
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real MSN e.g.: Phone-Number)
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f) Set the number for outgoing calls on the interface:
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isdnctrl addphone isdn0 out 1234567
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... (this can be executed more than once, all assigned numbers are
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tried in order)
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and the number(s) for incoming calls:
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isdnctrl addphone isdn0 in 1234567
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g) Set the timeout for hang-up:
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isdnctrl huptimeout isdn0 <timeout_in_seconds>
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h) additionally you may activate charge-hang-up (= Hang up before
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next charge-info, this only works, if your isdn-provider transmits
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the charge-info during and after the connection):
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isdnctrl chargehup isdn0 on
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i) Set the dial mode of the interface:
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isdnctrl dialmode isdn0 auto
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"off" means that you (or the system) cannot make any connection
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(neither incoming or outgoing connections are possible). Use
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this if you want to be sure that no connections will be made.
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"auto" means that the interface is in auto-dial mode, and will
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attempt to make a connection whenever a network data packet needs
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the interface's link. Note that this can cause unexpected dialouts,
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and lead to a high phone bill! Some daemons or other pc's that use
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this interface can cause this.
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Incoming connections are also possible.
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"manual" is a dial mode created to prevent the unexpected dialouts.
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In this mode, the interface will never make any connections on its
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own. You must explicitly initiate a connection with "isdnctrl dial
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isdn0". However, after an idle time of no traffic as configured for
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the huptimeout value with isdnctrl, the connection _will_ be ended.
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If you don't want any automatic hangup, set the huptimeout value to 0.
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"manual" is the default.
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j) Setup the interface with ifconfig as usual, and set a route to it.
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k) (optional) If you run X11 and have Tcl/Tk-wish version 4.0, you can use
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the script tools/tcltk/isdnmon. You can add actions for line-status
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changes. See the comments at the beginning of the script for how to
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do that. There are other tty-based tools in the tools-subdirectory
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contributed by Michael Knigge (imon), Volker Götz (imontty) and
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Andreas Kool (isdnmon).
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l) For initial testing, you can set the verbose-level to 2 (default: 0).
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Then all incoming calls are logged, even if they are not addressed
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to one of the configured net-interfaces:
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isdnctrl verbose 2
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Now you are ready! A ping to the set address should now result in an
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automatic dial-out (look at syslog kernel-messages).
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The phone numbers and EAZs can be assigned at any time with isdnctrl.
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You can add as many interfaces as you like with addif following the
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directions above. Of course, there may be some limitations. But we have
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tested as many as 20 interfaces without any problem. However, if you
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don't give an interface name to addif, the kernel will assign a name
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which starts with "eth". The number of "eth"-interfaces is limited by
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the kernel.
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5. Additional options for isdnctrl:
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"isdnctrl secure <InterfaceName> on"
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Only incoming calls, for which the caller-id is listed in the access
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list of the interface are accepted. You can add caller-id's With the
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command "isdnctrl addphone <InterfaceName> in <caller-id>"
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Euro-ISDN does not transmit the leading '0' of the caller-id for an
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incoming call, therefore you should configure it accordingly.
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If the real number for the dialout e.g. is "09311234567" the number
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to configure here is "9311234567". The pattern-match function
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works similar to the shell mechanism.
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? one arbitrary digit
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* zero or arbitrary many digits
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[123] one of the digits in the list
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[1-5] one digit between '1' and '5'
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a '^' as the first character in a list inverts the list
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"isdnctrl secure <InterfaceName> off"
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Switch off secure operation (default).
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"isdnctrl ihup <InterfaceName> [on|off]"
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Switch the hang-up-timer for incoming calls on or off.
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"isdnctrl eaz <InterfaceName>"
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Returns the EAZ of an interface.
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"isdnctrl delphone <InterfaceName> in|out <number>"
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Deletes a number from one of the access-lists of the interface.
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"isdnctrl delif <InterfaceName>"
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Removes the interface (and possible slaves) from the kernel.
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(You have to unregister it with "ifconfig <InterfaceName> down" before).
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"isdnctrl callback <InterfaceName> [on|off]"
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Switches an interface to callback-mode. In this mode, an incoming call
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will be rejected and after this the remote-station will be called. If
|
|
you test this feature by using ping, some routers will re-dial very
|
|
quickly, so that the callback from isdn4linux may not be recognized.
|
|
In this case use ping with the option -i <sec> to increase the interval
|
|
between echo-packets.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl cbdelay <InterfaceName> [seconds]"
|
|
Sets the delay (default 5 sec) between an incoming call and start of
|
|
dialing when callback is enabled.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl cbhup <InterfaceName> [on|off]"
|
|
This enables (default) or disables an active hangup (reject) when getting an
|
|
incoming call for an interface which is configured for callback.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl encap <InterfaceName> <EncapType>"
|
|
Selects the type of packet-encapsulation. The encapsulation can be changed
|
|
only while an interface is down.
|
|
|
|
At the moment the following values are supported:
|
|
|
|
rawip (Default) Selects raw-IP-encapsulation. This means, MAC-headers
|
|
are stripped off.
|
|
ip IP with type-field. Same as IP but the type-field of the MAC-header
|
|
is preserved.
|
|
x25iface X.25 interface encapsulation (first byte semantics as defined in
|
|
../networking/x25-iface.txt). Use this for running the linux
|
|
X.25 network protocol stack (AF_X25 sockets) on top of isdn.
|
|
cisco-h A special-mode for communicating with a Cisco, which is configured
|
|
to do "hdlc"
|
|
ethernet No stripping. Packets are sent with full MAC-header.
|
|
The Ethernet-address of the interface is faked, from its
|
|
IP-address: fc:fc:i1:i2:i3:i4, where i1-4 are the IP-addr.-values.
|
|
syncppp Synchronous PPP
|
|
|
|
uihdlc HDLC with UI-frame-header (for use with DOS ISPA, option -h1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE: x25iface encapsulation is currently experimental. Please
|
|
read README.x25 for further details
|
|
|
|
|
|
Watching packets, using standard-tcpdump will fail for all encapsulations
|
|
except ethernet because tcpdump does not know how to handle packets
|
|
without MAC-header. A patch for tcpdump is included in the utility-package
|
|
mentioned above.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl l2_prot <InterfaceName> <L2-ProtocolName>"
|
|
Selects a layer-2-protocol.
|
|
(With the ICN-driver and the HiSax-driver, "x75i" and "hdlc" is available.
|
|
With other drivers, "x75ui", "x75bui", "x25dte", "x25dce" may be
|
|
possible too. See README.x25 for x25 related l2 protocols.)
|
|
|
|
isdnctrl l3_prot <InterfaceName> <L3-ProtocolName>
|
|
The same for layer-3. (At the moment only "trans" is allowed)
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl list <InterfaceName>"
|
|
Shows all parameters of an interface and the charge-info.
|
|
Try "all" as the interface name.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl hangup <InterfaceName>"
|
|
Forces hangup of an interface.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl bind <InterfaceName> <DriverId>,<ChannelNumber> [exclusive]"
|
|
If you are using more than one ISDN card, it is sometimes necessary to
|
|
dial out using a specific card or even preserve a specific channel for
|
|
dialout of a specific net-interface. This can be done with the above
|
|
command. Replace <DriverId> by whatever you assigned while loading the
|
|
module. The <ChannelNumber> is counted from zero. The upper limit
|
|
depends on the card used. At the moment no card supports more than
|
|
2 channels, so the upper limit is one.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl unbind <InterfaceName>"
|
|
unbinds a previously bound interface.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl busreject <DriverId> on|off"
|
|
If switched on, isdn4linux replies a REJECT to incoming calls, it
|
|
cannot match to any configured interface.
|
|
If switched off, nothing happens in this case.
|
|
You normally should NOT enable this feature, if the ISDN adapter is not
|
|
the only device connected to the S0-bus. Otherwise it could happen that
|
|
isdn4linux rejects an incoming call, which belongs to another device on
|
|
the bus.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl addslave <InterfaceName> <SlaveName>
|
|
Creates a slave interface for channel-bundling. Slave interfaces are
|
|
not seen by the kernel, but their ISDN-part can be configured with
|
|
isdnctrl as usual. (Phone numbers, EAZ/MSN, timeouts etc.) If more
|
|
than two channels are to be bundled, feel free to create as many as you
|
|
want. InterfaceName must be a real interface, NOT a slave. Slave interfaces
|
|
start dialing, if the master interface resp. the previous slave interface
|
|
has a load of more than 7000 cps. They hangup if the load goes under 7000
|
|
cps, according to their "huptimeout"-parameter.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl sdelay <InterfaceName> secs."
|
|
This sets the minimum time an Interface has to be fully loaded, until
|
|
it sends a dial-request to its slave.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl dial <InterfaceName>"
|
|
Forces an interface to start dialing even if no packets are to be
|
|
transferred.
|
|
|
|
"isdnctrl mapping <DriverId> MSN0,MSN1,MSN2,...MSN9"
|
|
This installs a mapping table for EAZ<->MSN-mapping for a single line.
|
|
Missing MSN's have to be given as "-" or can be omitted, if at the end
|
|
of the commandline.
|
|
With this command, it's now possible to have an interface listening to
|
|
mixed 1TR6- and Euro-Type lines. In this case, the interface has to be
|
|
configured to a 1TR6-type EAZ (one digit). The mapping is also valid
|
|
for tty-emulation. Seen from the interface/tty-level the mapping
|
|
CAN be used, however it's possible to use single tty's/interfaces with
|
|
real MSN's (more digits) also, in which case the mapping will be ignored.
|
|
Here is an example:
|
|
|
|
You have a 1TR6-type line with base-nr. 1234567 and a Euro-line with
|
|
MSN's 987654, 987655 and 987656. The DriverId for the Euro-line is "EURO".
|
|
|
|
isdnctrl mapping EURO -,987654,987655,987656,-,987655
|
|
...
|
|
isdnctrl eaz isdn0 1 # listen on 12345671(1tr6) and 987654(euro)
|
|
...
|
|
isdnctrl eaz isdn1 4 # listen on 12345674(1tr6) only.
|
|
...
|
|
isdnctrl eaz isdn2 987654 # listen on 987654(euro) only.
|
|
|
|
Same scheme is used with AT&E... at the tty's.
|
|
|
|
6. If you want to write a new low-level-driver, you are welcome.
|
|
The interface to the link-level-module is described in the file INTERFACE.
|
|
If the interface should be expanded for any reason, don't do it
|
|
on your own, send me a mail containing the proposed changes and
|
|
some reasoning about them.
|
|
If other drivers will not be affected, I will include the changes
|
|
in the next release.
|
|
For developers only, there is a second mailing-list. Write to me
|
|
(fritz@isdn4linux.de), if you want to join that list.
|
|
|
|
Have fun!
|
|
|
|
-Fritz
|
|
|